To: Users From: Richard Cornwell Subj: IBM 7090 Simulator Usage Date: 01-Dec-2005 COPYRIGHT NOTICE The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary: Original code published in 1993-2005, written by Robert M Supnik Copyright (c) 1993-20054, Robert M Supnik IBM 7090 simulator written by Richard Cornwell Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ROBERT M SUPNIK OR RICHARD CORNWELL BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik or Richard Cornwell shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from both Robert M Supnik and Richard Cornwell. This memorandum documents the IBM 7090 simulator. 1. Simulator Files To compile the IBM 7090, you must define USE_INT64 as part of the compilation command line. sim/ scp.h sim_console.h sim_defs.h sim_fio.h sim_rev.h sim_sock.h sim_tape.h sim_timer.h sim_tmxr.h scp.c sim_console.c sim_fio.c sim_sock.c sim_tape.c sim_timer.c sim_tmxr.c sim/i7090/ i7090_defs.h i7090_cpu.c CPU, channel, interface i7090_chan.c i7090_sys.c i7090_cdr.c 7090 Specific peripherals i7090_cdp.c i7090_drum.c i7090_lpr.c i7090_hdrum.c CTSS drum i7000_defs.h Generic 7000 peripherals i7000_chan.c i7000_chron.c i7000_com.c i7000_dsk.c i7000_mt.c i7000_ht.c 2. IBM 7090 Features The IBM 7090 simulator is configured as follows: device simulates name(s) CPU 7090 CPU with 32KW/64KW of memory CLK interval timer (RPQ F89349) and Chronolog clock CH0* 704 devices. CH1 7607 channel (required) CH2..CH7 additional 7607, 7289, or 7909 channels MTA 729 magnetic tape controller, channel A (required) MTB 729 additional magnetic tape controllers, channels B MTC 729 additional magnetic tape controllers, channels C MT 729 additional magnetic tape controllers, 704 devices HTA 7340 hypertape controller. HTB 7340 additional hypertape controller. CRn 711 card reader CPn 721 card punch LPn 716 line printer DR0 733 drum HDn 7289 fast drum control DKn 1301/2302/7304 disk. COM 7750 communications control COML 7750 communications lines Channels B through H, the corresponding magnetic tape controllers, and the file control, drum control , and communications control are initially set DISABLED. The file control, drum control, and communications control can be assigned to any channel in the range B through H. The 7090 simulator implements several unique stop condition: - undefined CPU instruction - undefined channel instruction - XEC nesting exceeds limit - divide check on a divide and halt instruction - select of a non-existent channel - 7607 select of a 7909 channel - write select of a write protected device - invalid file control format - invalid message to 7750 - no buffer storage available for input character on 7750 - no buffer storage available for output character on 7750 The LOAD command will load a card binary image file into memory. 2.1 CPU The CPU options include setting memory size and cpu type. Also the special features required for used by the CTSS project: SET CPU STANDARD Standard CPU SET CPU CTSS CTSS CPU SET CPU 704 Sets cpu to emulate a 704 SET CPU 709 Sets cpu to emulate 709 instructions SET CPU 7090 Sets cpu to emualte 7090. SET CPU 7094 Sets cpu to emualte 7094. SET CPU 4K Sets memory to 4K SET CPU 8K Sets memory to 8K SET CPU 16K Sets memory to 16K SET CPU 32K Sets memory to 32K SET CPU TRUEIO CPU executes I/O in cpu time. SET CPU FASTIO CPU detects I/O waits and shortens them SET CPU NOEFP Disables extended presicion floating point. SET CPU EFP Enables extended presicion floating point. SET CPU NOFPSM Disables floating point signifigance mode. SET CPU FPSM Enables floating point signifigance mode. SET CPU TIMER Enables interval timer and interupt. SET CPU NOTIMER Disables interval timer. Memory size is 32KW on a standard CPU, 64KW on a CTSS CPU. Set notes below on seting up for CTSS. CPU registers include the visible state of the processor as well as the control registers for the interrupt system. name size comments IC 15 program counter AC 38 accumulator MQ 36 multiplier-quotient ID 36 storage indicators KEYS 36 front panel keys XR1..XR7 15 index registers 1..7 SW1..SW6 1 sense switches 1..6 SW 6 sense switches SL1..4 1 sense lights 1..4 ACOVF 1 AC overflow indicator MQOVF 1 MQ overflow indicator DVC 1 divide check indicator IOC 1 I/O check indicator TM 1 transfer trap enable CTM 1 copy trap enable STM 1 select trap enable FTM 1 floating point trap enable NMODE 1 storage nullification mode enable MTM 1 multiple-tag mode enable ENB 36 contents of interrupt enable register INST_BASE 1 (CTSS) instruction B-core flag DATA_BASE 1 (CTSS) data B-core flag BASE 14 (CTSS) relocation base block LIMIT 14 (CTSS) address limit block The CPU can maintain a history of the most recently executed instructions. This is controlled by the SET CPU HISTORY and SHOW CPU HISTORY commands: SET CPU HISTORY clear history buffer SET CPU HISTORY=0 disable history SET CPU HISTORY=n enable history, length = n SHOW CPU HISTORY print CPU history SHOW CPU HISTORY=n print first n entries of CPU history 2.2 I/O Channels (CH0..CH8) The 7090 supports up to 8 channels. Channel models include 7607 standard multiplexor channel 7289 high speed drum channel 7909 advanced capabilities channel Channel A is required and is always a 7607. Channel are represented by a number: A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7, H=8. SET CHn 7607 Sets channel to be a 7607 type. SET CHn 7909 Sets channel to be a 7909 type. SET CHn 7289 Sets channel to be a 7289 type. (For CTSS Drum). SET CHn FIXED Fixes channel to specific type. SET CHn AUTO Defualt, channel configures based on devices on it. Generally there is no need to worry about channel configurations, in auto mode they will configure to correct type to support devices attached to them. Or you will get an error when you attempt to run the simulation if there is a conflict. Channel 0 is a puesdo channel for 704 devices. Currently unit CR3, CP3, LP3, DR0, and MTD are set to this device. Channels have the following registers: name type size comments ADDR all 16 channel data address. CMD all 6 channel command. (S/1/2/3 & 18/19) WC all 15 channel word count. ASM all 36 current channel assembly register. LOCATION all 16 channel location counter. STATUS all 16 channel device status. SENSE 7909 16 additional device controls. COUNTER 7909 6 channel counter. SMS 7909 7 channel SMS register. For meaning of bits in STATUS and SENSE see i7090_defs.h. 2.3 Channel 7607 Devices and 704 devices. 2.3.1 711 Card Reader (CR) The card reader (CR) reads data from a disk file. Cards are simulated as ASCII lines with terminating newlines. Card reader files can either be text (one character per column) or column binary (two characters per column). The file type can be specified with a set command: SET CRn FORMAT=TEXT sets ascii text mode SET CRn FORMAT=BINARY sets for binary card images. SET CRn FORMAT=BCD sets for BCD records. SET CRn FORMAT=CBN sets for column binary BCD records. SET CRn FORMAT=AUTO Automaticly determines format. SET CRn CHAN=n Sets channel to n or in the ATTACH command: ATT CRn attaches a file The card reader can be booted with the: BOOT CRn loads either the first 2 words or 3 words depending on channel. Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached report error and stop end of file out of cards OS I/O error report error and stop 2.3.2 721 Card Punch (CP) The card reader (CP) writes data to a disk file. Cards are simulated as ASCII lines with terminating newlines. Card punch files can either be text (one character per column) or column binary (two characters per column). The file type can be specified with a set command: SET CPn FORMAT=TEXT sets ascii text mode SET CPn FORMAT=BINARY sets for binary card images. SET CPn FORMAT=BCD sets for BCD records. SET CPn FORMAT=CBN sets for column binary BCD records. SET CPn FORMAT=AUTO Automaticly determines format. SET CPn CHAN=n Sets channel to n or in the ATTACH command: ATT CPn attaches a file Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached report error and stop OS I/O error report error and stop 2.3.3 716 Line Printer (LP) The line printer (LP) writes data to a disk file as ASCII text with terminating newlines. Currently set to handle standard signals to control paper advance. SET LPn NO/ECHO Sets echoing to console of lineprinter output. SET LPn CHAN=n sets channel for this device Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached report error and stop OS I/O error report error and stop The Printer supports the following SPRA n selection pulses for controlling spacing (spacing occurs before the line is printed): SPRA 2 Single space. SPRA 1 To top of form. SPRA 3 Double space. SPRA 4 Triple space. SPRA 9 Suppress linefeed after print. SPT Will skip if any printer line has been pulsed. Defualt with no SPRA is to single space before printing. 2.3.4 729 Magnetic Tape (MTA-D) These come in groups of 10 units each. The controller defines which channel the devices will be on. SET MTx CHAN=n Set magtape to channel n. x = A|B|C|. Each individual tape drive support several options: MTA used as an example. SET MTAn ONLINE Sets the mag tape drive online. SET MTAn OFFLINE Sets the mag tape drive offline and not ready. SET MTAn REWIND Sets the mag tape to the load point. SET MTAn LOCKED Sets the mag tape to be read only. SET MTAn WRITEENABLE Sets the mag tape to be writeable. SET MTAn LOW Sets mag tape to low density. SET MTAn HIGH Sets mag tape to high density. Options: Density LOW/HIGH does not change format of how tapes are written. And is only for informational purposes only. Online/Offline is part of a optional RPQ for the 7090 which adds the DRS/TRS instructions. DRS drive Will set drive to offline after current command is finished. Drive is not unloaded and can be reenabled by setting it online. TRS drive Tests to see if the drive is online. If the drive is there and online it will skip the next instruction otherwise it takes the next instruction. These instructions were put in since accessing a unloaded tape drive would hang the CPU. Tape drives can be booted with: BOOT MTxn 2.3.4 ChronoClock. Disabled by default. This is a special 729 tape drive which returns the current time. It supports the option of setting the channel and drive that it will occupy. Note: You must disable the real 729 drive that is is replacing. SET CHRON CHAN=n Set channel for chrono clock. SET CHRON UNIT=n Sets the unit for the chrono clock. Example: To set Chronoclock to unit A9 do the following: SET MTA9 DISABLE SET CHRON UNIT=9 CHAN=A 2.3.5 733 Drum (DR) This is the drum for 704/709 and possible 7090. Up to 16 units can be attached to the CPU, all are on puesdo channel 0. Each drum is 2048K words in size. They are all stored in one file. SET DR0 UNITS=n Drum unit 0 can be booted with: BOOT DR0 Drum unit can be assigned to a 7607 channel, but this is unsupported by the operating systems. Drum channel is changed with: SET DR0 CHAN=n where n is '*' or A-H. Channel '*' is the default which is the 704 psuedo channel. 2.4 7909 Devices These devices must be attached to a 7909 channel to work. 2.4.1 1301/1302/2302/7320 Disk devices The 7631 file control supports up to ten devices, which can be 7320 drums, 1301 disks, 1302 disks, or 2302 disks. Unit types are specified with the SET command. SET DKn TYPE=7320 unit n is a drum SET DKn TYPE=7320-2 unit n is a drum (two modules). SET DKn TYPE=1301 unit n is a 1301 disk SET DKn TYPE=130l-2 unit n is a 1301-2 disk (two modules). SET DKn TYPE=1302 unit n is a 1302 disk SET DKn TYPE=1302-2 unit n is a 1302-2 disk (two modules). SET DKn TYPE=2302 unit n is a 2302 disk Units can be SET ENABLED or DISABLED. In addition, units can be set to enable or disable formatting: SET DKn FORMAT enable formatting SET DKn NOFORMAT disable formatting SET DKn HA2 enable writing of home address 2 SET DKn NOHA2 disable writing of home address 2 SET DKn MODULE=n sets modules for unit, modules can only be even. 0 to 8. SET DKn CHAN=n sets channel for unit (A-H). SET DKn SELECT=n sets select on channel (0 or 1). Formatting is disabled by default. All Disk units support bootsrapping with boot command. Bootstrap code is build based on whether CPU is in CTSS mode or not. BOOT DKn Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached report error and stop OS I/O error report error and stop 2.4.2 Hypertape 7340 Tape drive (HTA/B) These come in groups of 10 units each. The controller defines which channel the devices will be on. SET HTx CHAN=n Set magtape to channel n. x = A|B. SET HTx SELECT=n Sets the selection mode for the channel. Each individual tape drive support several options: HTA used as an example. SET MTAn LOCKED Sets the mag tape to be read only. SET MTAn WRITEENABLE Sets the mag tape to be writeable. NOTE: Hypertape drives may not be working correctly since there is very little documentation available on them. Hypertape drives can be booted with: BOOT HTxn 2.4.3 7750 Communications Controller (COM and COML) The 7750 is modelled as a terminal multiplexor with 33 lines. It consists of two device: COM is the multiplexor controller, and COML is the indivdual lines. For the first 32 lines, the 7750 performs input and output through Telnet sessions connected via a user-specified listening port; the 33rd line is permanently attached to the simulator console window. The ATTACH command specifies the port to be used for Telnet sessions: ATTACH COM set up listening port where port is a decimal number between 1 and 65535 that is not being used for other TCP/IP activities. Each line (each unit of COML) can be set to one of twp modes: KSR-35 and KSR-37. In KSR-35 mode, lower case input and output characters are converted automatically to upper case, and parity is ignored. In KSR-37 mode, lower case characters are left alone, and even parity is generated on input. KSR-37 is the default. Once COM is attached and the simulator is running, the 7750 listens for connections on the specified port. It assumes that any incoming connection is a Telnet connections. The connections remain open until disconnected either by the Telnet client, a SET COM DISCONNECT command, or a DETACH COM command. The 7750 implements the following special SHOW commands SHOW COM CONNECTIONS displays current connections to the 7750 SHOW COM STATISTICS displays statistics for active connections SHOW COM FREEQ displays the character buffer free list SHOW COM INPQ displays the character input queue SHOW COM OUTQ displays the output queues for all lines SHOW COMn OUTQ displays the output queue for line n The 7750 implements the following special SET commands: SET COM DISCONNECT=n disconnect line n SET COMLn LOG=filename log output of line n to filename SET COMLn NOLOG disable logging and close log file SET COMLn KSR35 set line n to KSR-35 SET COMLn KSR37 set line n to KSR-37 SET COM CHAN=n set channel for com controller. The controller (COM) implements these registers: name size comments ENABLE 1 enable flag STATE 6 controller state MSGNUM 12 input message sequence number CHOB 36 channel output buffer STOP 1 channel stop flag BUF[0:119] 36 channel buffer BPTR 7 channel buffer pointer BLIM 7 channel buffer limit FREEQ[0:1] 16 free queue header INPQ[0:1] 16 input queue header OUTQ[0:65] 16 output queue headers, lines 0..32 PKTB[0:32767] 16 character buffer entries Queue headers consist of two 16b words; both are subscripts into the character buffer array. The first word is the buffer subscript for the queue head; the second is the buffer subscript for the queue tail. In an empty queue, both words are 0. Character buffer entries also consist of two 16b words. The first is the buffer subscript for the next entry in the queue; 0 indicates end of queue. The second is the data element, typically a 12b character. The lines (COML) implements these registers: name size comments TIME[0:32] 24 transmit time, lines 0..32 The additional terminals do not support save and restore. All open connections, except the permanent connection to the console window, are lost when the simulator shuts down or COM is detached. 2.5 7289 High-Speed Drum (HD) The 7289 (also known as the 7320A) high-speed drum was a late addition to CTSS. Very little is known about the device, other than what is used in the CTSS sources. The drum can be changed to different channels with the SET HD0 CHAN=n where n is A-H. The channel must be configured as a 7289 type channel. Otherwise the drum will not work. SET HD0 UNITS=n Sets the number of 256K drums on the unit. Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached report error and stop Drum data files are buffered in memory; therefore, end of file and OS I/O errors cannot occur. 2.6 Symbolic Display and Input The IBM 7090 simulator implements symbolic display and input. Display is controlled by command line switches: -c display as BCD character -m display instruction mnemonics Input parsing is controlled by the first character typed in or by command line switches: ' or -c BCD character " or -s BCD string alphabetic instruction mnemonic numeric octal number Instruction input uses standard 7090 assembler syntax. There are two basic instruction classes: memory reference and index reference. Memory reference instructions have the format memref{*} address{,tag} Index reference instructions have the format idxref{*} address,{tag},decrement Specific instructions may disallow indirect addressing or limit the size of the tag, address, or decrement fields. Channel (I/O) instructions have the same basic two formats. 2.7 Sim Load The load command looks at the extension of the file to determine how to load the file. .crd Loads a card image file into memory. standard 709 format + 1 card loader. .oct Loads an octal deck: address octal octal... .sym Loads a 709 symbolic deck. address instruction. address BCD string address OCT octal, octal,....