To: Users From: Bob Supnik Subj: H316 Simulator Usage Date: 15-Nov-2004 COPYRIGHT NOTICE The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary: Original code published in 1993-2004, written by Robert M Supnik Copyright (c) 1993-2004, Robert M Supnik Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik. This memorandum documents the Honeywell 316/516 simulator. 1. Simulator Files The H316 requires the following files: sim/ scp.h sim_console.h sim_defs.h sim_fio.h sim_rev.h sim_sock.h sim_tape.h sim_timer.h sim_tmxr.h scp.c sim_console.c sim_fio.c sim_sock.c sim_tape.c sim_timer.c sim_tmxr.c sim/h316/ h316_defs.h h316_cpu.c h316_fhd.c h316_lp.c h316_mt.c h316_dp.c h316_stddev.c h316_sys.c 2. H316/H516 Features The Honeywell 316/516 simulator is configured as follows: device simulates name(s) CPU H316/H516 CPU with 16/32KW memory PTR 316/516-50 paper tape reader PTP 316/516-52 paper tape punch TTY 316/516-33 console terminal CLK 316/516-12 real time clock LPT 316/516 line printer FHD 4400 fixed head disk DP 4623/4653/4720 disk pack controller with eight drives MT 4100 seven track magtape with four drives The H316/H516 simulator implements several unique stop conditions: - decode of an undefined instruction, and STOP_INST is et - reference to an undefined I/O device, and STOP_DEV is set - more than INDMAX indirect references are detected during memory reference address decoding - DMA/DMC direction does not agree with I/O device operation - a write operation is initiated on a write locked magtape unit (hangs the real system) - a disk write overruns the specified record size (destroys the rest of the track on the real system) - a disk track has an illegal format The H316/H516 loader is not implemented. 2.1 CPU CPU options include choice of instruction set, memory size, DMC option, and number of DMA channels. SET CPU HSA high speed arithmetic instructions SET CPU NOHSA no high speed arithmetic instructions SET CPU 4K set memory size = 4K SET CPU 8K set memory size = 8K SET CPU 12K set memory size = 12K SET CPU 16K set memory size = 16K SET CPU 24K set memory size = 24K SET CPU 32K set memory size = 32K SET CPU DMC enable DMC option SET CPU NODMC disable DMC option SET CPU DMA=n set number of DMA channels to n (0-4) If memory size is being reduced, and the memory being truncated contains non-zero data, the simulator asks for confirmation. Data in the truncated portion of memory is lost. Initial memory size is 32K. The HSA and DMC options are enabled, and four DMA channels are configured. The CPU includes special show commands to display the state of the DMA channels: SHOW CPU DMAn show DMA channel n CPU registers include the visible state of the processor as well as the control registers for the interrupt system. name size comments P 15 program counter A 16 A register B 16 B register X 16 index register SC 16 shift count C 1 carry flag EXT 1 extend flag PME 1 previous mode extend flag EXT_OFF 1 extend off pending flag DP 1 double precision flag SS1..4 1 sense switches 1..4 ION 1 interrupts enabled INODEF 1 interrupts not deferred INTREQ 16 interrupt requests DEVRDY 16 device ready flags (read only) DEVENB 16 device interrupt enable flags (read only) CHREQ 20 DMA/DMC channel requests DMAAD[0:3] 16 DMA channel current address, channels 1-4 DMAWC[0:3] 15 DMA channel word count, channels 1-4 DMAEOR[0:3] 1 DMA end of range flag, channels 1-4 STOP_INST 1 stop on undefined instruction STOP_DEV 1 stop on undefined device INDMAX 1 indirect address limit PCQ[0:63] 15 PC prior to last JMP, JSB, or interrupt; most recent PC change first WRU 8 interrupt character The CPU can maintain a history of the most recently executed instructions. This is controlled by the SET CPU HISTORY and SHOW CPU HISTORY commands: SET CPU HISTORY clear history buffer SET CPU HISTORY=0 disable history SET CPU HISTORY=n enable history, length = n SHOW CPU HISTORY print CPU history SHOW CPU HISTORY=n print first n entries of CPU history The maximum length for the history is 65536 entries. 2.2 Programmed I/O Devices 2.2.1 316/516-50 Paper Tape Reader (PTR) The paper tape reader (PTR) reads data from a disk file. The POS register specifies the number of the next data item to be read. Thus, by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the reader. The paper tape reader can bet set to operate in binary, ASCII, or Unix ASCII mode: sim> set ptr binary -- binary mode sim> set ptr ascii -- ASCII mode sim> set ptr uascii -- Unix ASCII mode The mode can also be set by a switch setting in the attach command: sim> att -b ptr -- binary mode sim> att -a ptr -- ASCII mode sim> att -u ptr -- Unix ASCII mode In ASCII or Unix ASCII mode, all non-zero characters have the high order bit forced on. In Unix ASCII mode, newline is converted to CR, and LF in inserted as the following character. The paper tape reader supports the BOOT command. BOOT PTR copies the absolute binary loader into memory and starts it running. The paper tape reader implements these registers: name size comments BUF 8 last data item processed INTREQ 1 device interrupt request READY 1 device ready ENABLE 1 device interrupts enabled POS 32 position in the input or output file TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error Error handling is as follows: error STOP_IOE processed as not attached 1 report error and stop 0 out of tape end of file 1 report error and stop 0 out of tape or paper OS I/O error x report error and stop 2.2.2 316/516-52 Paper Tape Punch (PTP) The paper tape punch (PTP) writes data to a disk file. The POS register specifies the number of the next data item to be written. Thus, by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the punch. The paper tape punch can bet set to operate in binary, ASCII, or Unix ASCII mode: sim> set ptp binary -- binary mode sim> set ptp ascii -- ASCII mode sim> set ptp uascii -- Unix ASCII mode The mode can also be set by a switch setting in the attach command: sim> att -b ptp -- binary mode sim> att -a ptp -- ASCII mode sim> att -u ptp -- Unix ASCII mode In ASCII or Unix ASCII mode, all characters are masked to 7b before being written to the output file. In Unix ASCII mode, LF is converted to newline, and CR is discarded. The paper tape punch implements these registers: name size comments BUF 8 last data item processed INTREQ 1 device interrupt request READY 1 device ready ENABLE 1 device interrupts enabled POWER 1 device powered up POS 32 position in the input or output file TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt PWRTIME 24 time from I/O request to power up STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error Error handling is as follows: error STOP_IOE processed as not attached 1 report error and stop 0 out of tape OS I/O error x report error and stop 2.2.3 316/516-33 Console Teletype (TTY) The console Teletype (TTY) consists of four separate units: TTY0 keyboard TTY1 printer TTY2 paper tape reader TTY3 paper tape punch The keyboard and printer (TTY0, TTY1) can be set to one of three modes: KSR, 7B, or 8B. In KSR mode, lower case input and output characters are automatically converted to upper case, and the high order bit is forced to one on input. In 7B mode, input and output characters are masked to 7 bits. In 8B mode, characters are not modified. Changing the mode of either unit changes both. The default mode is KSR. The Teletype keyboard reads from the console keyboard, and the printer prites to the simulator console window. The paper tape reader (TTY2) can bet set to operate in binary, ASCII, or Unix ASCII mode: sim> set tty2 binary -- binary mode sim> set tty2 ascii -- ASCII mode sim> set tty2 uascii -- Unix ASCII mode The mode can also be set by a switch setting in the attach command: sim> att -b tty2 -- binary mode sim> att -a tty2 -- ASCII mode sim> att -u tty2 -- Unix ASCII mode In ASCII or Unix ASCII mode, all non-zero characters have the high order bit forced on. In Unix ASCII mode, newline is converted to CR, and LF in inserted as the following character. The paper tape reader is started by program output of XON or by the command SET TTY2 START. The paper tape reader is stopped by reader input of XOFF or by the command SET TTY2 STOP. The paper tape punch (TTY3) can bet set to operate in binary, ASCII, or Unix ASCII mode: sim> set tty3 binary -- binary mode sim> set tty3 ascii -- ASCII mode sim> set tty3 uascii -- Unix ASCII mode The mode can also be set by a switch setting in the attach command: sim> att -b tty3 -- binary mode sim> att -a tty3 -- ASCII mode sim> att -u tty3 -- Unix ASCII mode In ASCII or Unix ASCII mode, all characters are masked to 7b before being written to the output file. In Unix ASCII mode, LF is converted to newline, and CR is discarded. The paper tape punch is started by program output of TAPE or by the command SET TTY3 START. The paper tape punch is stopped by program output of XOFF or by the command SET TTY3 STOP. It implements these registers: name size comments BUF 8 last data item processed MODE 1 read/write mode INTREQ 1 device interrupt request READY 1 device ready ENABLE 1 device interrupts enabled KPOS 32 number of keyboard characters input KTIME 24 keyboard polling interval TPOS 32 number of printer characters output TTIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt RPOS 32 current reader character position PPOS 32 current punch character position 2.2.4 316/516-12 Real Time Clock (CLK) The real time clock (CLK) frequency can be adjusted as follows: SET CLK 60HZ set frequency to 60Hz SET CLK 50HZ set frequency to 50Hz The default is 60Hz. The clock implements these registers: name size comments INTREQ 1 device interrupt request READY 1 device ready ENABLE 1 device interrupts enabled TIME 24 clock interval The real-time clock autocalibrates; the clock interval is adjusted up or down so that the clock tracks actual elapsed time. 2.3 316/516 Line Printer (LPT) The line printer (LPT) writes data to a disk file. The POS register specifies the number of the next data item to be written. Thus, by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the printer. The line printer can be connected to the IO bus, a DMC channel, or a DMA channel: SET LPT IOBUS connect to IO bus SET LPT DMC=n connect to DMC channel n (1-16) SET LPT DMA=n connect to DMA channel n (1-4) By default, the line printer is connected to the IO bus. The line printer implements these registers: name size comments WDPOS 6 word position in current scan DRPOS 6 drum position CRPOS 1 carriage position PRDN 1 print done flag RDY 1 ready flag EOR 1 (DMA/DMC) end of range flag DMA 1 transfer using DMA/DMC INTREQ 1 device interrupt request ENABLE 1 device interrupt enable SVCST 2 service state SVCCH 2 service channel BUF 8 buffer POS 32 number of characters output XTIME 24 delay between transfers ETIME 24 delay at end of scan PTIME 24 delay for shuttle/line advance STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error Error handling is as follows: error STOP_IOE processed as not attached 1 report error and stop 0 out of paper OS I/O error x report error and stop 2.4 4400 Fixed Head Disk (FHD) Fixed head disk options include the ability to set the number of surfaces to a fixed value between 1 and 16, or to autosize the number of surfaces from the attached file: SET FHD 1S one surface (98K) SET FHD 2S two platters (196K) : SET FHD 16S sixteen surfaces (1568K) SET FHD AUTOSIZE autosized on attach The default is one surface. The fixed head disk can be connected to the IO bus, a DMC channel, or a DMA channel: SET FHD IOBUS connect to IO bus SET FHD DMC=n connect to DMC channel n (1-16) SET FHD DMA=n connect to DMA channel n (1-4) By default, the fixed head disk is connected to the IO bus. The fixed head disk implements these registers: name size comments CW1 16 control word 1 (read write, surface, track) CW2 16 control word 2 (character address) BUF 16 data buffer BUSY 1 controller busy flag RDY 1 transfer ready flag DTE 1 data transfer error flag ACE 1 access error flag EOR 1 (DMA/DMC) end of range DMA 1 transfer using DMA/DMC CSUM 1 transfer parity checksum INTREQ 1 device interrupt request ENABLE 1 device interrupt enable TIME 24 delay between words STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error The fixed head disk does not support the BOOT command. Error handling is as follows: error STOP_IOE processed as not attached 1 report error and stop 0 disk not ready Fixed head disk data files are buffered in memory; therefore, end of file and OS I/O errors cannot occur. 2.5 4100 7-track Magnetic Tape (MT) Magnetic tape options include the ability to make units write enabled or or write locked. SET MTn LOCKED set unit n write locked SET MTn WRITEENABLED set unit n write enabled Units can also be set ENABLED or DISABLED. The magtape controller can be connected to the IO bus, a DMC channel, or a DMA channel: SET MT IOBUS connect to IO bus SET MT DMC=n connect to DMC channel n (1-16) SET MT DMA=n connect to DMA channel n (1-4) By default, the magtape controller is connected to the IO bus. The magnetic tape controller implements these registers: name size comments BUF 16 data buffer USEL 2 unit select BUSY 1 controller busy flag RDY 1 transfer ready flag ERR 1 error flag EOF 1 end of file flag EOR 1 (DMA/DMC) end of range DMA 1 transfer using DMA/DMC MDIRQ 1 motion done interrupt request INTREQ 1 device interrupt request ENABLE 1 device interrupt enable DBUF[0:65535] 8 transfer buffer BPTR 17 transfer buffer pointer BMAX 17 transfer size (reads) CTIME 24 start/stop time XTIME 24 delay between words POS[0:3] 32 position, units 0-3 STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached tape not ready; if STOP_IOE, stop end of file bad tape OS I/O error parity error; if STOP_IOE, stop 2.6 4623/4651/4720 Disk Packs (DP) The disk controller can be configured as a 4623, supporting 10 surface disk packs; a 4651, supporting 2 surface disk packs; or a 4720, supporting 20 surface disk packs: SET DP 4623 controller is 4623 SET DP 4651 controller is 4651 SET DP 4720 controller is 4720 The default is 4651. All disk packs on the controller must be of the same type. Units can be set ENABLED or DISABLED, and WRITEENABLED or write LOCKED. The disk pack controller can be connected to a DMC channel or a DMA channel; it cannot be connected to the IO bus: SET DP DMC=n connect to DMC channel n (1-16) SET DP DMA=n connect to DMA channel n (1-4) The disk pack controller supports variable track formatting. Each track can contain between 1 and 103 records, with a minimum size of 1 word and a maximum size of 1893 words. Record addresses are unconstrained. The simulator provides a command to perform a simple, fixed record size format of a new disk: SET DPn FORMAT=k format unit n with k words per record SET -R DPn FORMAT=k format unit n with k records per track Record addresses can either be geometric (cylinder/track/sector) or simple sequential starting from 0: SET DPn FORMAT=k format with geometric record addresses SET -S DPn FORMAT=k format with sequential record addresses Geometric address have the cylinder number in bits<1:8>, the head number in bits<9:13>, and the sector number in bits <14:16>. A summary of the current format, and its validity, can be obtained with the command: SHOW DPn FORMAT display format of unit n To accomodate the variable formatting, each track is allocated 2048 words in the data file. A record consists of a three word header, the data, and a five word trailer: word 0 record length in words, not including header/trailer word 1 record address word 2 number of extension words used (0-4) word 3 start of data record word 3+n-1 end of data record word 3+n..7+n record trailer: up to four extension words, plus checksum A record can "grow" by up to four words without disrupting the track formatting; writing more than four extra words destroys the formatting of the rest of the track and causes a simulator error. The disk pack controller implements these registers: name size comments STA 16 status BUF 16 data buffer FNC 4 controller function CW1 16 command word 1 CW2 16 command word 2 CSUM 16 record checksum BUSY 1 controller busy RDY 1 transfer ready EOR 1 (DMA/DMC) end of range DEFINT 1 seek deferred interrupt pending INTREQ 1 interrupt request ENABLE 1 interrupt enable TBUF[0:2047] 16 track buffer RPTR 11 pointer to start of record in track buffer WPTR 11 pointer to current word in record BCTR 15 bit counter for formatting STIME 24 seek time, per cylinder XTIME 24 transfer time, per word BTIME 24 controller busy time Error handling is as follows: error processed as not attached pack off line; if STOP_IOE, stop end of file ignored OS I/O error data error; if STOP_IOE, stop 2.7 Symbolic Display and Input The H316/H516 simulator implements symbolic display and input. Display is controlled by command line switches: -a display as ASCII character -c display as two character string -m display instruction mnemonics Input parsing is controlled by the first character typed in or by command line switches: ' or -a ASCII character " or -c two character sixbit string alphabetic instruction mnemonic numeric octal number Instruction input uses standard H316/H516 assembler syntax. There are six instruction classes: memory reference, I/O, control, shift, skip, and operate. Memory reference instructions have the format memref{*} {C/Z} address{,1} where * signifies indirect, C a current sector reference, Z a sector zero reference, and 1 indexed. The address is an octal number in the range 0 - 077777; if C or Z is specified, the address is a page offset in the range 0 - 0777. Normally, C is not needed; the simulator figures out from the address what mode to use. However, when referencing memory outside the CPU, there is no valid PC, and C must be used to specify current sector addressing. I/O instructions have the format io pulse+device The pulse+device is an octal number in the range 0 - 01777. Control and operate instructions consist of a single opcode opcode Shift instructions have the format shift n where n is an octal number in the range 0-77. Skip instructions have the format sub-op sub-op sub-op... The simulator checks that the combination of sub-opcodes is legal.